TABLE I Genes Involved in Mammalian Gonad Development

Gene Expression Function Reference(s)

Sf1 M,F Early establishment of gonads, regulator of genes for steroid production Luo et al., 1994; Ikeda et al., 1994,1996
Wt1 M,F Early establishment of gonads and kidneys, possible regulator of Sry expression Rackley, 1993; Kriedberg et al., 1993
Lim1 M,F Early establishment of gonads Shawlot and Behringer, 1995
Emx2 M,F Early establishment of gonads Miyamoto et al., 1997
Lhx9 M,F Early establishment of gonads Birk et al., 2000
Sox9 M Sertoli cell differentiation, initiation of testis development Cameron et al., 1996; daSilva et al., 1996; Kent et al., 1996; Bishop et al., 2000
Mis M Regression of Müllerian duct Josso and Picard, 1986; Donahoe et al., 1987; Behringer et al., 1990,1994; Munsterberg and Lovell-Badge, 1991
Dhh M Regulator of Sertoli-myoid, Sertoli-Leydig interactions, development of male germ cells Bitgood et al., 1996; Clark et al., 2000
Fgf9 M Proliferation in male gonad Colvin et al., 2001
M33 Unknown Required for testis development Katoh-Fukui et al., 1998
Dmrt1 M Maintenance of seminiferous tubules after birth Raymond et al., 1998,1999,2000
Dax1 F Unclear Swain et al., 1998; Yu et al., 1998
Wnt4 F Repression of Leydig cell differentiation in female gonads Vanio et al., 1999