Murine model Phenotypic change with ßARKct Reference MLP-/- knockout Functional rescue with restored ßAR responsiveness Rockman et al., 1998a Transgenic cardiac CSQ overexpression Functional rescue and cardiac dimensions with improved survival Harding et al., 2001 Transgenic cardiac expression of a mutant myosin heavy chain (HCM) Functional rescue, prevention of hypertrophy, and dimensions and improved exercise tolerance Freeman et al., 2001 Transgenic cardiac overexpression of MCP-1 Prevention of hypertrophy Khouri et al., 2002 Transgenic cardiac overexpression of dominant-negative mutant of CREB (CREBA133) Restoration of ßAR signaling, no functional or mortality rescue Eckhart et al., 2002a Transgenic cardiac overexpression of Gq No rescue Dorn et al., 1999

[Abbreviations: MLP^-/-, homozygous knockout of muscle LIM protein; CSQ, calsequestrin; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; CREB, cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein.]